By M. A. (Amy) Lemay, PhD

The promise of science has long inspired nations to invest in discovery, innovation, and human ingenuity. It is the belief that advances in science and technology will generate solutions to our most complex challenges. More than a forecast, the promise of science embodies a persuasive vision of what science can make possible. It compels decisions and investments in the present that shape the futures we imagine.

In Canada, the promise of science has played a defining role in shaping public policy, national identity, and economic strategy. Regardless of political ideology, Canadian governments have shared a deep conviction in science as a public good and an essential driver of prosperity. Over the past century, the country has built a thriving world-class research system, rooted in the enduring belief that science will serve Canada’s social well-being and economic resilience.

Yet, realizing this promise is never simple. The innovation process, from discovery to adoption is not linear. Unlocking the full value of research involves navigating complexity, uncertainty, and risk, which requires collaboration across disciplines, sectors, and regions.

Despite these challenges, Canada’s universities, colleges, polytechnics, government laboratories, and companies are making the promise of science a reality. From breakthrough discoveries to prototypes and market-ready solutions, they are translating ideas into tangible benefits.

In the stories that follow, Canada’s research leaders share how they are harnessing the promise of science by advancing discovery science, closing the proof-of-concept gap, building inclusive innovation networks, and strengthening collaboration among academia, industry, government, and communities. Together, they show us how the future of Canadian research will shape Canada’s future.

University of Ottawa

Redefining Canada’s innovation pipeline

Dr. Julie St-Pierre, Vice President, Research and Innovation at the University of Ottawa believes Canada’s innovation future depends on research that lives in the community, flows through a strong innovation pipeline, and draws its strength from collaboration across disciplines.

For St-Pierre, Canadian research has the greatest impact when it lives in the community. As she explained: “We do a lot of discovery research that happens within our walls, but I think it’s important for this research to live in the community. When the benefits flow directly to companies, hospitals, policymakers, community organizations and neighbourhoods, that’s how research has a meaningful impact.”

She also highlighted the importance of a well primed innovation pipeline that connects fundamental inquiry to practical solutions and socio-economic outcomes. While investments are necessary along the entire pipeline, St-Pierre argued that it is critical to maintain a rich and diverse pool of fundamental inquiry, to ensure enough discoveries make it to practical solutions.

Both research philosophies: ‘living in the community’ and the innovation pipeline underpin the University’s vision of research for Canada’s future. This is reflected through initiatives such as the Ottawa Academic Health Network (OAHN), which brings together hospitals, research institutes and health professionals to accelerate the movement of discoveries from lab to patient care. Internationally, the recently established France–Canada Campus, which fosters cross-country collaboration to solve critical challenges including but not limited to democracy, health and sustainability, expands Canada’s innovation reach and encourages a flow of knowledge between countries.

St-Pierre envisioned a research system that embraced longer-term research funding horizons. She explained that longer-term support changes the kinds of problems that can be addressed, allowing research teams to explore more complex challenges. Expanding on this vision, St-Pierre emphasized the value of high-risk, high-reward interdisciplinary research that allows researchers pursue bold, transformative ideas. Interdisciplinarity, she emphasized, involves a different way of working. It requires trust, flexibility and shared purpose across diverse research teams and partners. St-Pierre believes, “Extraordinary things can happen at the interface of multiple disciplines and diverse perspectives.” This is where Canada’s next breakthroughs will emerge.

University of Saskatchewan

Feeding the future

University of Saskatchewan Vice-President Research Dr. Baljit Singh envisions a more integrated research and innovation system that strategically coordinates research in key sectors, such as agrifood, as national missions to secure Canada’s future prosperity and global impact.

Singh sees agrifood research as both a national strength and a global responsibility. It has the potential to advance food sovereignty, sustainability, and economic opportunity across borders.

“Canada can be a world leader in food and agriculture. Both for our own benefit and to meet our obligations to developing nations by helping them build the agrifood systems they need for resilience, self-sufficiency and socio-economic development,” he said.

This vision, Singh argued, demands a more coordinated approach to research and innovation. Canada’s current system, he said, is fragmented. To thrive in an era of rapid technological change and geopolitical instability, he believes Canada must act on the Bouchard Panel’s recommendations to establish a capstone research body that would both coordinate research and fund large-scale research infrastructure.

At the University of Saskatchewan, Singh’s integrated vision is embodied in its Research, Scholarly and Artistic Works (RSAW) framework, which connects science, social science, and the arts in addressing real-world problems. In agriculture, for example, crop scientists work alongside economists, sociologists, and visual artists to explore how technology, culture, and environment shape the future of food systems. The result is solutions that not only improve crop yields and sustainability, but also critical insights that deepen our understanding of how innovation affects people, communities, and the land itself.

For Singh, the University of Saskatchewan’s story is inseparable from that of the province it serves. The university’s growth has mirrored Saskatchewan’s development, from its roots in agriculture to its leadership in energy and mining. “The growth and development of the university and the province cannot be separated,” he said. “When the university thrives, the province and country thrive. That’s the vision that drives our research.” That linked development, Singh added, is mirrored in post-secondary institutions and provinces across the country. It is a reminder that Canada’s research future is being built region by region, community by community, through a shared vision of discovery and innovation.

University of Alberta

Defending the future

Dr. Aminah Robinson Fayek, vice-president of research at the University of Alberta says dual-use innovation and collaboration are key to Canada’s national security, economic resilience and global competitiveness.

For Robinson Fayek, the role of universities in national security research and innovation has never been more vital. As Canada works to meet its ambitious NATO defence pledges and respond to shifting geopolitical realities, she argues that research must serve both to protect Canadians and to strengthen the country’s economic and technological sovereignty.

Dual-use research and innovation that advances both military and civilian goals are reshaping how Canada approaches security and prosperity alike. “It’s really important, of course, for Canada’s national and economic security and fulfilling our obligations for our allies. It’s important for developing new technologies that support the Canadian Armed Forces and our citizens… and there are many dual-use applications that benefit civilian life,” she said.

The University of Alberta is leading in this space. It is home to Canada’s leading Centre for Applied Research in Defence and Dual-use Technologies and one of NATO’s DIANA test centres, where researchers, industry and the Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) collaborate to accelerate innovation. The university’s focus, she explained, is on building a secure, co-located research environment that allows academics, students, industry, and military partners to work side-by-side in designing, testing, and scaling critical technologies. This co-creation, co-location model, she said, is central to reducing Canada’s reliance on foreign technologies and ensuring that discoveries move efficiently from the lab to the field.

Looking ahead, Robinson Fayek envisions a truly integrated, pan-Canadian research ecosystem that includes universities, polytechnics, industry, government, and end users in the CAF working hand-in-hand. “What fundamentally we believe in at the University of Alberta is partnership… we want to deliver in a way that’s meaningful and have a positive impact. Whether it’s for defence, serving our Armed Forces or solving societal challenges for Canadians or any other sector, we’re really excited to share what we have to offer and also learn from all those that are involved in this ecosystem and really be part of the fabric of each other’s way of doing business,” she said.

Toronto Metropolitan University

Envisioning a more connected, innovative Canada

Toronto Metropolitan University’s vice-president, research and innovation, Dr. Steven N. Liss, believes that Canada’s future depends on open universities, global engagement and bold investment in people and infrastructure.

Liss envisions a future where Canada’s universities are both more open and more ambitious. Research should be treated as a national strategy, not an academic luxury. This strategy, he argues, should be rooted in openness, collaboration, community engagement and global partnership.

He pointed to Toronto Metropolitan University’s (TMU) evolution into a globally engaged urban research university as a model of what Canada itself must become: connected to community, confident on the world stage and unafraid to take risks. TMU’s research approach brings together academic expertise, industry experience and community knowledge to inform research priorities and shape solutions. For example, TMU’s work in health innovation integrates social and clinical perspectives to improve quality of life for patients. This partnership-driven co-creation model, focused on reciprocity and mutual benefit, is essential for universities seeking to address the complex challenges facing society.

Liss stressed that Canada’s innovation gap lies not in ideas but in action. For the country to compete, universities must help mobilize industry investment, foster commercialization and attract and retain top talent. That requires sustained funding for research infrastructure, from digital technologies and quantum computing to next-generation energy systems. Equally important is understanding what helps ideas move from discovery to real-world impact: strong partnerships, diverse perspectives and clear pathways to applications. These are the foundations that ensure research addresses social needs and contributes to Canada’s economic growth and prosperity.

“The doors and windows of our universities must be more open to the flow of people, ideas and resources across the ecosystem,” Liss said. “Collaboration with industry, government and global partners is how we translate discovery into impact. When we connect research to real-world needs, improving lives and strengthening communities, we will build trust, attract investment and drive progress. We need that openness and ambition to pursue true moonshot goals.”

Ontario Tech University

Building a culture of risk-taking and disciplinary flexibility

Ontario Tech University’s vice-president of research and innovation, Dr. Les Jacobs, says Canada’s innovation edge hinges on rethinking how research is supported, investing in shared infrastructure, and creating a research culture that rewards risk-taking.

For Jacobs, the future of Canadian innovation depends on rethinking how the country invests in research. Not just in ideas, but in the infrastructure and culture that make discovery possible. He identified Canada’s unique (but underappreciated) strength in spreading research capacity across institutions, rather than concentrating it in a few elite universities (as in the U.S. or U.K.). This diversity allows for regional specialization, broad participation, and resilience.

Training is arguably the legacy impact of research;
developing a future workforce.

Dr. Les Jacobs
Vice-President, Research and Innovation, Ontario Tech University

He argued that Canada needs to build a shared system of core research facilities open to all universities and industry partners. He envisions a national research culture with a more entrepreneurial mindset that supports researchers in translating ideas into impact and strengthens Canada’s position in the global innovation economy.

At Ontario Tech, that vision has already taken shape through mission-driven collaborations that bridge the gap between research and real-world innovations. The university’s role as the build partner for Project Arrow, Canada’s first all-electric vehicle, demonstrates the power of university-led innovation to transform industries and drive the national economy.

Equally important for the future, he says, is reimagining how Canada trains and supports undergraduate and graduate students, postdoctoral fellows and early career researchers. “Training is arguably the legacy impact of research; developing a future workforce. And I think that that’s really fundamental,” he said. In the future, Canadian universities must embrace interdisciplinary flexibility, better mentorship, and a culture that accepts risk-taking and failure as essential to learning.

Still, his outlook remains deeply optimistic. “I do think that we are at a sort of hinge point around some of these questions. And I personally don’t think that we can look to governments to save us. Post secondary senior leadership in Canada really has to step up… and I’m quite optimistic that we’re capable of doing it,” he said.

It’s a call to action for a research system that is bold, connected, and built to serve Canada’s future.

Cégep de Trois-Rivières

Forging Canada’s future

Gheorghe Marin, General Manager of the Quebec Metallurgy Centre (QMC) and Director of the Research, Innovation and Quality Office at Cégep de Trois-Rivières believes that a coherent, coordinated and connected research and innovation system will be the driving force of Canada’s future productivity, sovereignty and social progress.

We must establish a shared national vision across Canada.
We have everything we need, talent, infrastructure, and creativity.

Dr. Gheorghe Marin
General Manager, Centre de métallurgie du Québec (CMQ)
Director, Research, Innovation and Quality Office, Cégep de Trois-Rivières

For Marin, research is the raw material of technological, industrial and social innovation. It is the cornerstone of a modern knowledge economy and society. “Research is a driver of cohesion and collective progress because it contributes to improving the quality of our lives and stimulates innovation and productivity to increase the added value of Canadian production”, he said.

Marin believes Canada’s next era of growth will depend on the coherence of the research and innovation system. By aligning academic institutions, industry, governments and communities around shared goals, he believes Canada can transform its rich pool of talent and robust research infrastructure into a national innovation advantage. Coordinated investments in research priorities that leverage both social and economic impact will drive productivity and secure Canada’s technological sovereignty. He also stresses smarter use of what Canada already has: state-of-the-art facilities, world-class expertise, and talented students. Linking them more intentionally, he argues, will accelerate innovation and train a generation fluent in both science and innovation.

That vision is taking shape at QMC. In one initiative, QMC researchers, along with other academic collaborators and industry partners, are developing biodegradable alloys for cardiac stents. This work is advancing medical technology, improving patient outcomes and positioning Canada in a high-value global market. In another project, QMC engineers are using cold metal transfer (CMT) welding

technology to recycle aeronautical parts, which extends their lifespan and significantly reduces waste and greenhouse gas emissions. Both projects, Marin said, reflect how applied research can simultaneously drive sustainability, resilience, and economic competitiveness.

In reflecting on the future, Canada’s opportunity, he said, lies in its ability to unite people and ideas across boundaries around a common vision. “We must establish a shared national vision across Canada. We have everything we need, talent, infrastructure, and creativity,” he said. “What we must do now is connect them better, invest strategically, and focus on innovation to forge Canada’s future.”

McMaster University

A vision for the future of Canadian research

McMaster University’s Vice-President, Research, Dr. Gianni Parise, sees the future of Canadian research defined by interdisciplinary collaboration, long-term investment and flexible expectations.

Research is the basis of everything else we do.
It drives innovation, creates opportunity, and enables us to respond to global challenges in ways that improve life for Canadians and people around the world.

Dr. Gianni Parise
Vice-President, Research, McMaster University

For Parise, Canada’s future prosperity depends on how well it turns discovery into impact. Research, he said, is the engine of innovation and societal progress. It builds the foundation for economic growth and evidence-based policymaking and drives the country’s social progress.

“Research is the basis of everything else we do,” he said. “It drives innovation, creates opportunity, and enables us to respond to global challenges in ways that improve life for Canadians and people around the world.”

This vision of research for Canada’s future is reflected in McMaster’s approach to research: deeply interdisciplinary, mission-driven, and oriented toward solving complex societal challenges. For example, Parise described McMaster’s world-leading expertise in nuclear research as one of the university’s most distinctive contributions to Canada’s future prosperity and competitiveness. Leveraging the McMaster Nuclear Reactor, the most powerful research reactor in the country, the university integrates engineering, health sciences, and materials science to advance both clean energy and medical innovation. It’s a model of how interdisciplinary research can address multiple societal priorities at once, from energy security to cancer treatment.

Envisioning the role of research in shaping Canada’s future, Parise stressed the importance of both fundamental discovery and translation research. He said, both are essential for closing Canada’s innovation gap. Achieving that vision requires a different approach to funding research. He advocates for long-term, agile funding models that encourage big questions, support risk-taking, and recognize outcomes measured in societal benefit rather than publications alone.

For Parise, the future of Canadian research is grounded in a system where universities are “working at the interface of government and industry and community to serve their needs,” he said, “that is not easy because it requires a level of trust and shared goals and a recognition of mutual benefit. But this is what we should be doing if we are going to solve our biggest challenges.”

It’s an optimistic vision of Canadian research that will drive Canada’s future as a competitive and resilient nation.

University of Calgary

Driving the knowledge economy through talent and innovation

University of Calgary vice-president of research Dr. William Ghali says Canada’s prosperity depends on investing in talent, bridging research and industry, and strengthening sovereign capacity in research and innovation.

For Ghali, research is far more than an academic pursuit. It is the foundation of Canada’s prosperity and sovereignty. “Research is central to our viability as a nation,” Ghali said. “Research is a fundamental activity for our sovereignty and prosperity as a country.”

In a world of shifting geopolitics, fractured supply chains and rapid technological change, he argues that Canada’s long-term productivity will hinge on how boldly it embraces research and innovation as driver of the knowledge economy.

At the University of Calgary, that belief is being translated into action. Branded as Canada’s entrepreneurial university, it has built one of the country’s most active innovation ecosystems, anchored by the Hunter Hub for Entrepreneurial Thinking. The University has generated more start-up companies over the past five years than any other U15 institution.

But for Ghali, startups are only part of the story. The real challenge, he said, lies in boosting business enterprise R&D. Canada’s public-sector investment in research is strong, but private-sector investment lags far behind that of global peers. He points to Switzerland, where top scientists often work within corporations, as an example of how national innovation thrives when industry research is deeply embedded in corporate culture and entrepreneurship.

While there are multiple priorities, Ghali sees people as the most critical research investment for making Canada future-ready. From graduate students to senior scientists, he calls talent “the true multiplier”; the force that drives discovery, partnerships, and national resilience.

Ghali is optimistic about the future of Canadian research, he said, “It’s kind of an exciting time from the standpoint of being awakened a little bit to the need to be self-determining as a country… the fact that there is this awakening in government, and to some degree in the general public, I think is really good. It’s good for us as Canadians to be thinking this way.”

University of Windsor

Pan-Canadian collaborations that drive transformative futures

University of Windsor President Dr. J.J. McMurtry says Canada’s post-secondary institutions must work together, engage their communities, and make research more tangible, visible and connected to people’s lives.

Research has always been central to Canada’s future prosperity.
What I think is quite different right now is the global climate has changed fundamentally.

Dr. J.J. McMurtry
President and Vice-Chancellor, University of Windsor

For McMurtry, the future of Canadian research depends on openness not just to ideas, but to one another. As global alliances shift and societies fracture over questions of fact and truth, he believes post-secondary institutions must serve as anchors of evidence, reason, and shared understanding.

“Research has always been central to Canada’s future prosperity. What I think is quite different right now is the global climate has changed fundamentally. We really have to look carefully at research in the Canadian context,” he said. Canada’s world-class research system, he argues, has long thrived on international collaboration. But now must become equally pan-Canadian. That means building stronger domestic networks between institutions, sharing infrastructure, and creating incentives for mobility so that researchers from coast to coast to coast can work within a national collective research enterprise.

At the University of Windsor, that philosophy is being put into practice. The university’s research initiatives, from a new 3D-printed housing project to its Centre for Hybrid Automotive Research and Green Energy, are examples of how research and innovation can bridge disciplines directly serving community needs to create social impact. These projects, McMurtry explained, make research tangible: visible to communities, accessible to policymakers, and relevant to everyday life.

He envisions a research culture that is permeable and participatory, where Canadians can walk onto campuses, see what is being built, and feel connected to the work shaping Canada’s future. Public engagement, he said, isn’t a distraction from scholarship; it’s the key to rebuilding trust in universities and demonstrating the benefits of academic work.

Looking ahead, McMurtry remains hopeful about what Canadian research and innovation can accomplish for Canada’s future. “One of the nice phrases that I hear at the University of Windsor, is that we’re here to provide solutions. It’s a really simple way of saying, ‘What’s the problem? Bring it to us and let us fix it.’”

For McMurtry, that problem-solving spirit, grounded in evidence, collaboration, and public purpose, is what will define the next chapter of Canadian research.

Humber Polytechnic

Building Canada’s innovation capacity

Humber Polytechnic President Dr. Ann Marie Vaughan sees a future where applied research fuels productivity, develops talent, builds capacity and connects communities.

Vaughan believes the next chapter of Canada’s innovation story will feature its polytechnics and colleges, where applied research serves as both a catalyst and compass for Canada’s future. Applied research, said Vaughan, is Canada’s most direct path to solving the productivity crisis and shaping Canada’s next era of prosperity. “With a return on investment ranging from $8.09 to $18.49 for every $1 invested, applied research delivers a significant and measurable return on investment”, Vaughan noted, calling it one of the country’s most underleveraged economic assets.

Beyond the economics, she emphasized the social value of the polytechnic/college applied research model. Students gain hands-on experience, companies gain the capacity to innovate, and communities benefit from shared problem-solving.

Polytechnics and colleges are where innovation happens closest to the real economy. With over 85% of their research partners being small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), institutions like Humber play a crucial role in helping businesses de-risk innovation, test prototypes, and scale technologies that might otherwise never reach market.

At Humber, this model for innovation is brought to life through the Centres of Innovation Network, where faculty, students, businesses and communities collaborate on projects in key areas of technological growth, such as clean technology, advanced manufacturing, healthcare, and artificial intelligence. The five connected Centres offer an integrated approach that combines applied research, entrepreneurship, and experiential learning, providing the expertise and resources that Canadian businesses need to validate ideas, refine technologies, and accelerate adoption. It’s a model that not only drives innovation but also prepares the workforce of the future.

Vaughan advocates for a pan-Canadian, cross-sector approach to innovation that brings together academia, government, industry and communities around a shared vision of the future. Building more intentional bridges among partners can spark the kind of collaborations that keep Canada at the forefront of innovation.

In reflecting on the future, Vaughan positions polytechnics and colleges as instrumental elements of Canada’s innovation ecosystem: “Polytechnics and colleges serve as powerful innovation hubs with untapped transformative potential to drive Canada’s future prosperity and global competitiveness,” she said.

Mohawk College

The next frontier of Canadian innovation

Mohawk College’s Dean of Applied Research, Jeffrey McIsaac, says the future of Canadian prosperity lies in applied research that helps Canadian companies de-risk innovations, scale globally and become national champions in a global marketplace.

The next step in the value chain is how we are supporting national champions and building globally competitive companies.

Jeffrey McIsaac
Dean, Applied Research, Mohawk College

Canada’s innovation ecosystem has long been anchored by its universities, but a quieter transformation has been taking shape in the nation’s colleges and polytechnics. At the heart of this shift is applied research that bridges the gap between discovery and adoption. For McIsaac, the distinction is clear. Discovery science advances knowledge, but prosperity depends on implementation and adoption. The college/polytechnic applied research model reduces discoveries to practice and turns them into market-ready solutions.

McIsaac highlighted the crucial role that colleges and polytechnics play in de-risking innovation. Many small and medium-sized businesses, which are the backbone of Canada’s economy, lack the capital, risk tolerance or capacity to test, validate and scale new technologies. “Colleges are capacity”, McIsaac said. “Colleges de-risk adoption of technology for businesses. If they’re considering an investment and they can’t afford to take the risk of having it fail, they can come here and use our resources, use our expertise, use our labs, use our capital equipment, they can test prototypes, demonstrate the processes, and we can take on that risk using public resources.” For firms facing hard choices about investment, the college/polytechnic applied research model allows innovation without the fear of costly failure. It’s a national competitive advantage hiding in plain sight .

Mohawk College is ensuring that colleges deliver on that advantage with two signature programs. Applied Research 101 and the Centre for Emerging Research Initiatives are national programs, designed to give faculty and students across Canada the tools, mentorship, and skills necessary to pursue applied research with industry partners. Together, they embody Mohawk’s vision of the promise of applied research for Canada’s future.

Still, McIsaac envisions an even more ambitious future: scaling Canadian companies beyond the start-up phase. “There’s been a lot of focus on early-stage commercialization and building small and medium-sized enterprises. The next step in the value chain is how we are supporting national champions and building globally competitive companies.”

Seneca Polytechnic

Shaping Canada’s future innovation economy

As Dr. Ryan Hayman, Principal Investigator at the Seneca Centre for Innovation in Life Sciences (SCILS), sees it, applied research at Canada’s polytechnics and colleges is reshaping the nation’s innovation ecosystem to ensure Canada competes and thrives in the future economy.

For Hayman, applied research is the critical bridge between a promising idea and a product ready for market. “We’re working with companies that often don’t have labs or scientists, helping them turn an idea into a proof of concept so they can raise their first big round of funding,” he said. It’s a role that polytechnics and colleges are uniquely positioned to play in Canada’s innovation ecosystem. Closing the proof-of-concept gap, the crucial stage between discovery and prototype, often determines whether innovation thrives or stalls.

At the SCILS Lab, that bridge to innovation extends beyond technology. Several of the Lab’s projects involve partnerships with Indigenous-owned and community-based companies, who are developing natural-ingredient and wellness products that create local jobs, build local production capacity, and generate local economic development. By grounding innovation in communities, these collaborations show how applied research can drive inclusive and sustainable growth.

Hayman also points to Canada’s biomanufacturing supply chain bottlenecks as both a challenge and opportunity for the future. Delays in sourcing life science equipment or reagents highlight the need for domestic capacity. Capturing more of that value chain, he said, would make innovation both efficient and more resilient.

Agile, flexible funding that matches the realities of early-stage innovation is critical to securing a future-ready Canadian innovation ecosystem. Many funding programs often exclude those companies that are too early in development. This creates a funding void at the proof-of-concept stage. Small, flexible grants make a real difference. “Those small, flexible funds let us tackle the early, risky questions, which are often the ones that turn out to have the biggest impact”, Hayman said.

Hayman believes that Canada’s applied research community has much to celebrate and much still to share. “We could stand to be a little more boisterous,” he said, “people don’t realize what’s happening right here and the impact is incredible.”

A Shared Future of Discovery and Innovation for Canada

Across Canada, research is more than a pursuit of knowledge. It is an investment in the nation’s future. From discovery science in universities to applied innovation in colleges and polytechnics, and from government laboratories to the creativity of Canadian businesses and entrepreneurs, the stories in this series highlight how research and innovation are transforming Canada’s future. As global challenges become more complex, the promise of science endures. Not as an abstract ideal, but as a collective effort that unites researchers, innovators, and enterprises in the pursuit of progress. Research for Canada’s future is, ultimately, about ensuring that future generations inherit a country that remains prosperous, competitive and resilient.

Dr. M. A. (Amy) Lemay is a Science Analyst and Advisor and the Founder of VISTA Science & Technology Inc.